using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes;

namespace DragDropLib
{
    #region DataObject

    /// <summary>
    /// Implements the COM version of IDataObject including SetData.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// <para>Use this object when using shell (or other unmanged) features
    /// that utilize the clipboard and/or drag and drop.</para>
    /// <para>The System.Windows.DataObject (.NET 3.0) and
    /// System.Windows.Forms.DataObject do not support SetData from their COM
    /// IDataObject interface implementation.</para>
    /// <para>To use this object with .NET drag and drop, create an instance
    /// of System.Windows.DataObject (.NET 3.0) or System.Window.Forms.DataObject
    /// passing an instance of DataObject as the only constructor parameter. For
    /// example:</para>
    /// <code>
    /// System.Windows.DataObject data = new System.Windows.DataObject(new DragDropLib.DataObject());
    /// </code>
    /// </remarks>
    [ComVisible(true)]
    public class DataObject : IDataObject, IDisposable
    {
        #region Unmanaged functions

        // These are helper functions for managing STGMEDIUM structures

        [DllImport("urlmon.dll")]
        private static extern int CopyStgMedium(ref STGMEDIUM pcstgmedSrc, ref STGMEDIUM pstgmedDest);
        [DllImport("ole32.dll")]
        private static extern void ReleaseStgMedium(ref STGMEDIUM pmedium);

        #endregion // Unmanaged functions

        // Our internal storage is a simple list
        private IList<KeyValuePair<FORMATETC, STGMEDIUM>> storage;

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates an empty instance of DataObject.
        /// </summary>
        public DataObject()
        {
            storage = new List<KeyValuePair<FORMATETC, STGMEDIUM>>();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Releases unmanaged resources.
        /// </summary>
        ~DataObject()
        {
            Dispose(false);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Clears the internal storage array.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// ClearStorage is called by the IDisposable.Dispose method implementation
        /// to make sure all unmanaged references are released properly.
        /// </remarks>
        private void ClearStorage()
        {
            foreach (KeyValuePair<FORMATETC, STGMEDIUM> pair in storage)
            {
                STGMEDIUM medium = pair.Value;
                ReleaseStgMedium(ref medium);
            }
            storage.Clear();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Releases resources.
        /// </summary>
        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(true);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Releases resources.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">Indicates if the call was made by a managed caller, or the garbage collector.
        /// True indicates that someone called the Dispose method directly. False indicates that the garbage collector
        /// is finalizing the release of the object instance.</param>
        private void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing)
            {
                // No managed objects to release
            }

            // Always release unmanaged objects
            ClearStorage();
        }

        #region COM IDataObject Members

        #region COM constants

        private const int OLE_E_ADVISENOTSUPPORTED = unchecked((int)0x80040003);

        private const int DV_E_FORMATETC = unchecked((int)0x80040064);
        private const int DV_E_TYMED = unchecked((int)0x80040069);
        private const int DV_E_CLIPFORMAT = unchecked((int)0x8004006A);
        private const int DV_E_DVASPECT = unchecked((int)0x8004006B);

        #endregion // COM constants

        #region Unsupported functions

        public int DAdvise(ref FORMATETC pFormatetc, ADVF advf, IAdviseSink adviseSink, out int connection)
        {
            throw Marshal.GetExceptionForHR(OLE_E_ADVISENOTSUPPORTED);
        }

        public void DUnadvise(int connection)
        {
            throw Marshal.GetExceptionForHR(OLE_E_ADVISENOTSUPPORTED);
        }

        public int EnumDAdvise(out IEnumSTATDATA enumAdvise)
        {
            throw Marshal.GetExceptionForHR(OLE_E_ADVISENOTSUPPORTED);
        }

        public int GetCanonicalFormatEtc(ref FORMATETC formatIn, out FORMATETC formatOut)
        {
            formatOut = formatIn;
            return DV_E_FORMATETC;
        }

        public void GetDataHere(ref FORMATETC format, ref STGMEDIUM medium)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }

        #endregion // Unsupported functions

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets an enumerator for the formats contained in this DataObject.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="direction">The direction of the data.</param>
        /// <returns>An instance of the IEnumFORMATETC interface.</returns>
        public IEnumFORMATETC EnumFormatEtc(DATADIR direction)
        {
            // We only support GET
            if (DATADIR.DATADIR_GET == direction)
                return new EnumFORMATETC(storage);

            throw new NotImplementedException("OLE_S_USEREG");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the specified data.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="format">The requested data format.</param>
        /// <param name="medium">When the function returns, contains the requested data.</param>
        public void GetData(ref FORMATETC format, out STGMEDIUM medium)
        {
            // Locate the data
            foreach (KeyValuePair<FORMATETC, STGMEDIUM> pair in storage)
            {
                if ((pair.Key.tymed & format.tymed) > 0
                    && pair.Key.dwAspect == format.dwAspect
                    && pair.Key.cfFormat == format.cfFormat)
                {
                    // Found it. Return a copy of the data.
                    STGMEDIUM source = pair.Value;
                    medium = CopyMedium(ref source);
                    return;
                }
            }

            // Didn't find it. Return an empty data medium.
            medium = new STGMEDIUM();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Determines if data of the requested format is present.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="format">The request data format.</param>
        /// <returns>Returns the status of the request. If the data is present, S_OK is returned.
        /// If the data is not present, an error code with the best guess as to the reason is returned.</returns>
        public int QueryGetData(ref FORMATETC format)
        {
            // We only support CONTENT aspect
            if ((DVASPECT.DVASPECT_CONTENT & format.dwAspect) == 0)
                return DV_E_DVASPECT;

            int ret = DV_E_TYMED;

            // Try to locate the data
            // TODO: The ret, if not S_OK, is only relevant to the last item
            foreach (KeyValuePair<FORMATETC, STGMEDIUM> pair in storage)
            {
                if ((pair.Key.tymed & format.tymed) > 0)
                {
                    if (pair.Key.cfFormat == format.cfFormat)
                    {
                        // Found it, return S_OK;
                        return 0;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Found the medium type, but wrong format
                        ret = DV_E_CLIPFORMAT;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // Mismatch on medium type
                    ret = DV_E_TYMED;
                }
            }

            return ret;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets data in the specified format into storage.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="formatIn">The format of the data.</param>
        /// <param name="medium">The data.</param>
        /// <param name="release">If true, ownership of the medium's memory will be transferred
        /// to this object. If false, a copy of the medium will be created and maintained, and
        /// the caller is responsible for the memory of the medium it provided.</param>
        public void SetData(ref FORMATETC formatIn, ref STGMEDIUM medium, bool release)
        {
            // If the format exists in our storage, remove it prior to resetting it
            foreach (KeyValuePair<FORMATETC, STGMEDIUM> pair in storage)
            {
                if ((pair.Key.tymed & formatIn.tymed) > 0
                    && pair.Key.dwAspect == formatIn.dwAspect
                    && pair.Key.cfFormat == formatIn.cfFormat)
                {
                    storage.Remove(pair);
                    break;
                }
            }

            // If release is true, we'll take ownership of the medium.
            // If not, we'll make a copy of it.
            STGMEDIUM sm = medium;
            if (!release)
                sm = CopyMedium(ref medium);

            // Add it to the internal storage
            KeyValuePair<FORMATETC, STGMEDIUM> addPair = new KeyValuePair<FORMATETC, STGMEDIUM>(formatIn, sm);
            storage.Add(addPair);
        }
  
        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a copy of the STGMEDIUM structure.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="medium">The data to copy.</param>
        /// <returns>The copied data.</returns>
        private STGMEDIUM CopyMedium(ref STGMEDIUM medium)
        {
            STGMEDIUM sm = new STGMEDIUM();
            int hr = CopyStgMedium(ref medium, ref sm);
            if (hr != 0)
                throw Marshal.GetExceptionForHR(hr);

            return sm;

        }

        #endregion

        /// <summary>
        /// Helps enumerate the formats available in our DataObject class.
        /// </summary>
        [ComVisible(true)]
        private class EnumFORMATETC : IEnumFORMATETC
        {
            // Keep an array of the formats for enumeration
            private FORMATETC[] formats;
            // The index of the next item
            private int currentIndex = 0;

            /// <summary>
            /// Creates an instance from a list of key value pairs.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="storage">List of FORMATETC/STGMEDIUM key value pairs</param>
            internal EnumFORMATETC(IList<KeyValuePair<FORMATETC, STGMEDIUM>> storage)
            {
                // Get the formats from the list
                formats = new FORMATETC[storage.Count];
                for (int i = 0; i < formats.Length; i++)
                    formats[i] = storage[i].Key;
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// Creates an instance from an array of FORMATETC's.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="formats">Array of formats to enumerate.</param>
            private EnumFORMATETC(FORMATETC[] formats)
            {
                // Get the formats as a copy of the array
                this.formats = new FORMATETC[formats.Length];
                formats.CopyTo(this.formats, 0);
            }

            #region IEnumFORMATETC Members

            /// <summary>
            /// Creates a clone of this enumerator.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="newEnum">When this function returns, contains a new instance of IEnumFORMATETC.</param>
            public void Clone(out IEnumFORMATETC newEnum)
            {
                EnumFORMATETC ret = new EnumFORMATETC(formats);
                ret.currentIndex = currentIndex;
                newEnum = ret;
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// Retrieves the next elements from the enumeration.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="celt">The number of elements to retrieve.</param>
            /// <param name="rgelt">An array to receive the formats requested.</param>
            /// <param name="pceltFetched">An array to receive the number of element fetched.</param>
            /// <returns>If the fetched number of formats is the same as the requested number, S_OK is returned.
            /// There are several reasons S_FALSE may be returned: (1) The requested number of elements is less than
            /// or equal to zero. (2) The rgelt parameter equals null. (3) There are no more elements to enumerate.
            /// (4) The requested number of elements is greater than one and pceltFetched equals null or does not
            /// have at least one element in it. (5) The number of fetched elements is less than the number of
            /// requested elements.</returns>
            public int Next(int celt, FORMATETC[] rgelt, int[] pceltFetched)
            {
                // Start with zero fetched, in case we return early
                if (pceltFetched != null && pceltFetched.Length > 0)
                    pceltFetched[0] = 0;

                // This will count down as we fetch elements
                int cReturn = celt;

                // Short circuit if they didn't request any elements, or didn't
                // provide room in the return array, or there are not more elements
                // to enumerate.
                if (celt <= 0 || rgelt == null || currentIndex >= formats.Length)
                    return 1; // S_FALSE

                // If the number of requested elements is not one, then we must
                // be able to tell the caller how many elements were fetched.
                if ((pceltFetched == null || pceltFetched.Length < 1) && celt != 1)
                    return 1; // S_FALSE

                // If the number of elements in the return array is too small, we
                // throw. This is not a likely scenario, hence the exception.
                if (rgelt.Length < celt)
                    throw new ArgumentException("The number of elements in the return array is less than the number of elements requested");

                // Fetch the elements.
                for (int i = 0; currentIndex < formats.Length && cReturn > 0; i++, cReturn--, currentIndex++)
                    rgelt[i] = formats[currentIndex];

                // Return the number of elements fetched
                if (pceltFetched != null && pceltFetched.Length > 0)
                    pceltFetched[0] = celt - cReturn;

                // cReturn has the number of elements requested but not fetched.
                // It will be greater than zero, if multiple elements were requested
                // but we hit the end of the enumeration.
                return (cReturn == 0) ? 0 : 1; // S_OK : S_FALSE
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// Resets the state of enumeration.
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns>S_OK</returns>
            public int Reset()
            {
                currentIndex = 0;
                return 0; // S_OK
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// Skips the number of elements requested.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="celt">The number of elements to skip.</param>
            /// <returns>If there are not enough remaining elements to skip, returns S_FALSE. Otherwise, S_OK is returned.</returns>
            public int Skip(int celt)
            {
                if (currentIndex + celt > formats.Length)
                    return 1; // S_FALSE

                currentIndex += celt;
                return 0; // S_OK
            }

            #endregion
        }
    }

    #endregion // DataObject

    #region Native structures

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct Win32Point
    {
        public int x;
        public int y;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct Win32Size
    {
        public int cx;
        public int cy;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct ShDragImage
    {
        public Win32Size sizeDragImage;
        public Win32Point ptOffset;
        public IntPtr hbmpDragImage;
        public int crColorKey;
    }

    #endregion // Native structures

    #region IDragSourceHelper

    [ComVisible(true)]
    [ComImport]
    [Guid("DE5BF786-477A-11D2-839D-00C04FD918D0")]
    [InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
    public interface IDragSourceHelper
    {
        void InitializeFromBitmap(
            [In, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Struct)] ref ShDragImage dragImage,
            [In, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Interface)] IDataObject dataObject);

        void InitializeFromWindow(
            [In] IntPtr hwnd,
            [In] ref Win32Point pt,
            [In, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Interface)] IDataObject dataObject);
    }

    #endregion // IDragSourceHelper

    #region IDropTargetHelper

    [ComVisible(true)]
    [ComImport]
    [Guid("4657278B-411B-11D2-839A-00C04FD918D0")]
    [InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
    public interface IDropTargetHelper
    {
        void DragEnter(
            [In] IntPtr hwndTarget,
            [In, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Interface)] IDataObject dataObject,
            [In] ref Win32Point pt,
            [In] int effect);

        void DragLeave();

        void DragOver(
            [In] ref Win32Point pt,
            [In] int effect);

        void Drop(
            [In, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Interface)] IDataObject dataObject,
            [In] ref Win32Point pt,
            [In] int effect);

        void Show(
            [In] bool show);
    }

    #endregion // IDropTargetHelper

    #region DragDropHelper

    [ComImport]
    [Guid("4657278A-411B-11d2-839A-00C04FD918D0")]
    public class DragDropHelper { }

    #endregion // DragDropHelper
}