** The following article is for only the Exchange MAPI / CDO download.  Outlook users will not have to use these steps.  Also this configuration may not work on previous versions of Exchange.

1. Open up MFCMAPI, go to Profile > Launch Profile Wizard > Click OK
2. Then Click Next
3. Add the name of your Client Access Server, click Next
4. Click Next
5. Click Finish
6. Go To Profile > Show Profiles, select the profile you just created
7. Select the only service there and double click it
8. Find the Global Profile Section.  It's the provider with the PROVIDER_UID that is 13DBB0C8AA05101A9BB000AA002FC45A and single click it
9. Select PR_PROFILE_CONNECT_FLAGS and set it equal to 0x8000 (CONNECT_IGNORE_NO_PF)
10. Select PR_PROFILE_UI_STATE and set it equal to 0x4000 (EDK_PROFILEUISTATE_ENCRYPTNETWORK)
11. Close all dialogs until the default dialog appears.
12. Select Session > Logon and display store, and select the profile if not already selected

 Once you have the profile working in MFCMAPI, you can do the same thing programmatically.

Notes:

You can also walk through the manual way (Profile > Shows Profile > Create Profile, etc) of creating a profile in MFCMAPI but I will leave that as an experiment for the reader. 

You must be using the Exchange 2010 RC or higher for these instructions to work

You will need to disable encryption to use the Exchange MAPI / CDO download.  This should be fixed by RTM (See Below).  To disable encryption please run the following cmdlet:

Set-RpcClientAccess -Server <FQDN of CAS> -EncryptionRequired: $false

 Additional Resources:

http://mfcmapi.codeplex.com/

http://blogs.msdn.com/stephen_griffin/archive/2007/03/19/mapi-and-exchange-2007.aspx

[Edit: 11/23] The fix for requiring MAPI encryption is made in the Exchange CDO / MAPI download and will be available in the next refresh of that component which is currently scheduled for early December.

[Edit: 12/22] The fix for requiring MAPI encryption is now available. You can download it here: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=E17E7F31-079A-43A9-BFF2-0A110307611E&displaylang=en