I adapted this from the SMS Client FAQ section since I get so many questions on how to do this.  Debug and Verbose provides additional information on error conditions for clients and servers.  Setting this flag automatically triggers more information in the logs and does not require a reboot or restart of the system.

Enabling Debug and Verbose Logging

1. To enable debug logging after installation, create the following registry key:
1. HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\CCM\Logging\debuglogging
2. To enable verbose logging after installation, change the following value to 0.  You will need to right click on the @Global key and change permissions to allow the current user to change the data in the key.
1. HKLM\Software\Microsoft\CCM\Logging\@Global\Loglevel
3. You're done!  Log files should now start producing A LOT more information.