As all of you know it is possible to query active directory from SQL Server with using ADSI provider as linked server. This solution works fine until you will have a lot of users in active directory. According to best practice guide windows system engineers always configured AD to return no more then 1000 rows per one query. Of course you can avoid this limitation too (with using range keyword or some other ways, as for me require deep AD knowledge). Some other extremily complicated T-SQL scripts can be found in internet. My current post's goal is to show two main things:
1. how to register a couple of assemblies (your own and related system assemblies) in SQL Server with UNSAFE permission WITHOUT setting TRUSTWORTHY ON for your database according to best practice security guide. Security check will passed in this way according to certificate permissions.
2. how to create a simple CLR procedures for quirying AD as any other SQL datasource without creating linked server.
You can find MSADHelper2.rar project attached. It contains project files; you can extract MSADHelper.dll assembly from here, or build a new one by yourself (in that case please generate a new strong key, my is not included in project files).
P.S. I am not an expert in C#, so you can improve this source as you wish to add some dispose or other required methods.
Here is installation script:
SET NOCOUNT ONGOUSE MasterGO
--sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1--reconfigure with override
--ALTER DATABASE <your_database_name> SET TRUSTWORTHY OFF--GO
-- create keys from assembly
CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY MSADHelperAsKey FROM EXECUTABLE FILE = 'C:\distrib\ADSI\MSADHelper2.dll' -- specify correct path here.GOCREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY SystemDirectoryServicesKey FROM EXECUTABLE FILE = 'C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.DirectoryServices.dll' GO--SELECT * FROM sys.asymmetric_keys--GO
-- create logins for special goalsCREATE LOGIN SQLCLRHelperLogin FROM ASYMMETRIC KEY MSADHelperAsKeyGOCREATE LOGIN SQLCLRSysDirServLogin FROM ASYMMETRIC KEY SystemDirectoryServicesKeyGO
-- grant necessary (UNSAFE) permissionsGRANT UNSAFE ASSEMBLY TO SQLCLRHelperLogin GO GRANT UNSAFE ASSEMBLY TO SQLCLRSysDirServLogin GO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- **************************************************************--------------------------------------------------------------------------
USE <your_database_name>GO
CREATE ASSEMBLY [System.DirectoryServices]FROM 'C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.DirectoryServices.dll'WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFEGOCREATE ASSEMBLY [MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper]FROM 'C:\distrib\ADSI\MSADHelper2.dll' -- please specify correct path hereWITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFEGO
--Have a look at the assembly within the database--SELECT * FROM sys.assemblies--SELECT * FROM sys.assembly_filesGO
--Create procedures from the assembly
-- return list of registered providers (from registry)CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_GetListOfRegisteredDirectoryProvidersAS EXTERNAL NAME [MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].[MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].usp_GetListOfRegisteredDirectoryProvidersGO
-- test methods - is it possible to create AD object?
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_TryAuthenticate(@pAdsiPath nvarchar(4000), @pSecure int)AS EXTERNAL NAME [MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].[MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].usp_TryAuthenticateGO
-- by default any method will execute under SQL Server Service account. If this account don't have enought privileges - please specify another one as @pUserName and
-- @pPassword to access AD
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_TryAuthenticateAsUser(@pAdsiPath nvarchar(4000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100), @pSecure int)AS EXTERNAL NAME [MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].[MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].usp_TryAuthenticateAsUserGO
-- enum AD structure - be carefull, to much info!
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_FillInfoByPath(@pAdsiPath nvarchar(4000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100), @pSecure int)AS EXTERNAL NAME [MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].[MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].usp_FillInfoByPathGO
-- get AD object properties
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_GetNodeProperties(@pAdsiPath nvarchar(4000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100), @pSecure int)AS EXTERNAL NAME [MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].[MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].usp_GetNodePropertiesGO
-- extract user list
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_GetUserList(@pAdsiPath nvarchar(4000), @pOutputFieldList NVarChar(2000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100), @pSecure int, @pScope nvarchar(10))AS EXTERNAL NAME [MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].[MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].usp_GetUserListGO
-- extract group list
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_GetGroupList(@pAdsiPath nvarchar(4000), @pOutputFieldList NVarChar(2000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100), @pSecure int, @pScope nvarchar(10))AS EXTERNAL NAME [MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].[MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].usp_GetGroupListGO
-- extract list of computers
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_GetComputerList(@pAdsiPath nvarchar(4000), @pOutputFieldList NVarChar(2000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100), @pSecure int, @pScope nvarchar(10))AS EXTERNAL NAME [MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].[MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].usp_GetComputerListGO
-- extract members of AD group
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_GetGroupMembers(@pAdsiPath nvarchar(4000), @pOutputFieldList NVarChar(2000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100), @pSecure int)AS EXTERNAL NAME [MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].[MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].usp_GetGroupMembersGO
-- enum user membership
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.usp_GetUserMembership(@pAdsiPath nvarchar(4000), @pOutputFieldList NVarChar(2000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100), @pSecure int)AS EXTERNAL NAME [MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].[MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper].usp_GetUserMembershipGO
-- execute & test section
EXEC dbo.usp_GetListOfRegisteredDirectoryProvidersGO
-- try to check - if net framework carefully installed and AD objects created without any issueDECLARE @pStr nvarchar(4000)SET @pStr = N'LDAP://DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxxx,DC=ru'EXEC dbo.usp_TryAuthenticate @pStr, 1GO-- try to run under another account
DECLARE @pStr nvarchar(4000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100)SELECT @pStr = N'LDAP://DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxxx,DC=ru', @pUserName = N'SQLSvc', @pPassword = N'xxxxxxx'
EXEC dbo.usp_TryAuthenticateAsUser @pStr, @pUserName, @pPassword, 1GO
-- extract AD info as relational tree (use ID & ParentID to build object tree)DECLARE @pStr nvarchar(4000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100)SET @pStr = N'LDAP://DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxx,DC=ru'
EXEC dbo.usp_FillInfoByPath @pStr, @pUserName, @pPassword, 0GO
--- get all properites of objectDECLARE @pStr nvarchar(4000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100)--SET @pStr = N'LDAP://CN=User01,CN=Users,DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxx,DC=ru'SET @pStr = N'LDAP://CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxxxxx,DC=ru'
EXEC dbo.usp_GetNodeProperties @pStr, @pUserName, @pPassword, 0GO---- get user list and attributes
DECLARE @pStr nvarchar(4000), @pOutputFieldList nvarchar(2000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100)-- to extract users from exact OU-- 'LDAP://OU=TestGroup,DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxxx,DC=ru'-- all users from AD-- @pStr = N'LDAP://DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxx,DC=ru'SELECT @pStr = N'LDAP://DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxxxx,DC=ru', @pOutputFieldList = 'cn,name,description,distinguishedName,whenChanged,primaryGroupID,memberOf', @pUserName = '', @pPassword = N''
EXEC dbo.usp_GetUserList @pStr, @pOutputFieldList, @pUserName, @pPassword, 0, 'Subtree'GO
---- extract group listDECLARE @pStr nvarchar(4000), @pOutputFieldList nvarchar(2000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100)-- to extract groups from exact group-- 'LDAP://CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxx,DC=ru'-- all groups from AD-- @pStr = N'LDAP://DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxx,DC=ru'SELECT @pStr = N'LDAP://DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxx,DC=ru', @pOutputFieldList = 'cn,name,description,distinguishedName,whenChanged', @pUserName = '', @pPassword = N''
EXEC dbo.usp_GetGroupList @pStr, @pOutputFieldList, @pUserName, @pPassword, 0, 'Subtree'GO
---- get computer listDECLARE @pStr nvarchar(4000), @pOutputFieldList nvarchar(2000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100)SELECT @pStr = N'LDAP://DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxxxx,DC=ru', @pOutputFieldList = 'cn,name,distinguishedName,whenChanged', @pUserName = '', @pPassword = N''
EXEC dbo.usp_GetComputerList @pStr, @pOutputFieldList, @pUserName, @pPassword, 0, 'Subtree'GO
------- get group membersDECLARE @pStr nvarchar(4000), @pOutputFieldList nvarchar(2000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100)--SELECT @pStr = N'LDAP://CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxxxx,DC=ru', -- @pOutputFieldList = 'sAMAccountName'SELECT @pStr = N'LDAP://CN=Administrators,CN=Users,DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxxxx,DC=ru', @pOutputFieldList = 'Name', @pUserName = '', @pPassword = N''
EXEC dbo.usp_GetGroupMembers @pStr, @pOutputFieldList, @pUserName, @pPassword, 0GO
----- enlist user membershipDECLARE @pStr nvarchar(4000), @pOutputFieldList nvarchar(2000), @pUserName sysname, @pPassword nvarchar(100)SELECT @pStr = N'LDAP://CN=Administrator,CN=Users,DC=HQ,DC=corp,DC=xxxxxxxxx,DC=ru', @pOutputFieldList = 'Name', @pUserName = '', @pPassword = N''
EXEC dbo.usp_GetUserMembership @pStr, @pOutputFieldList, @pUserName, @pPassword, 0GO
-- Here is a section of cleanup script
-- delete proceduresIF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[usp_GetListOfRegisteredDirectoryProviders]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC')) DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_GetListOfRegisteredDirectoryProviders]GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[usp_TryAuthenticate]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC')) DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_TryAuthenticate]GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[usp_TryAuthenticateAsUser]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC')) DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_TryAuthenticateAsUser]GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[usp_FillInfoByPath]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC')) DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_FillInfoByPath]GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[usp_GetNodeProperties]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC')) DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_GetNodeProperties]GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[usp_GetUserList]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC')) DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_GetUserList]GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[usp_GetGroupList]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC')) DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_GetGroupList]GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[usp_GetComputerList]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC')) DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_GetComputerList]GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[usp_GetGroupMembers]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC')) DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_GetGroupMembers]GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[usp_GetUserMembership]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC')) DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_GetUserMembership]GO
-- delete assembliesIF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.assemblies asms WHERE asms.name = N'MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper') DROP ASSEMBLY [MsForClient.SqlServer.SqlClrToolkit.MSADHelper]GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.assemblies asms WHERE asms.name = N'System.DirectoryServices') DROP ASSEMBLY [System.DirectoryServices]GO
USE MasterGO
-- drop logins
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.server_principals WHERE name = N'SQLCLRSysDirServLogin') DROP LOGIN [SQLCLRSysDirServLogin]GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.server_principals WHERE name = N'SQLCLRHelperLogin') DROP LOGIN [SQLCLRHelperLogin]GO
-- drop keys
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.asymmetric_keys WHERE [name] = 'MSADHelperAsKey') DROP ASYMMETRIC KEY MSADHelperAsKeyGO
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.asymmetric_keys WHERE [name] = 'SystemDirectoryServicesKey') DROP ASYMMETRIC KEY SystemDirectoryServicesKeyGO
-- Seems to me finished :-)
Dec 08, 2007 :
i updated source code to fix bug - many thanks to Taylor Gerring