The other day I was wondering about how to use Pivot tables in SQL Server with SQL, and I didn’t find any simple examples on this.
So I had to do my own and I thought I’d share this here and also as to have as a future reference for myself.
So let’s start with a fictional scenario.
In this case we have lots of vendors who report in their daily income to us, for this we have a simple table that looks like this.
create table DailyIncome(VendorId nvarchar(10), IncomeDay nvarchar(10), IncomeAmount int)
--drop table DailyIncome
Nothing odd here, just the Vendor id, the day of the week they are referring to and what the income on that day was.
So let’s fill it with some data.
insert into DailyIncome values ('SPIKE', 'FRI', 100)
insert into DailyIncome values ('SPIKE', 'MON', 300)
insert into DailyIncome values ('FREDS', 'SUN', 400)
insert into DailyIncome values ('SPIKE', 'WED', 500)
insert into DailyIncome values ('SPIKE', 'TUE', 200)
insert into DailyIncome values ('JOHNS', 'WED', 900)
insert into DailyIncome values ('JOHNS', 'MON', 300)
insert into DailyIncome values ('SPIKE', 'SUN', 400)
insert into DailyIncome values ('JOHNS', 'FRI', 300)
insert into DailyIncome values ('FREDS', 'TUE', 500)
insert into DailyIncome values ('FREDS', 'TUE', 200)
insert into DailyIncome values ('SPIKE', 'MON', 900)
insert into DailyIncome values ('FREDS', 'FRI', 900)
insert into DailyIncome values ('FREDS', 'MON', 500)
insert into DailyIncome values ('JOHNS', 'SUN', 600)
insert into DailyIncome values ('SPIKE', 'FRI', 300)
insert into DailyIncome values ('JOHNS', 'THU', 800)
insert into DailyIncome values ('JOHNS', 'SAT', 800)
insert into DailyIncome values ('SPIKE', 'TUE', 100)
insert into DailyIncome values ('SPIKE', 'THU', 300)
insert into DailyIncome values ('FREDS', 'WED', 500)
insert into DailyIncome values ('SPIKE', 'SAT', 100)
insert into DailyIncome values ('FREDS', 'SAT', 500)
insert into DailyIncome values ('FREDS', 'THU', 800)
insert into DailyIncome values ('JOHNS', 'TUE', 600)
Now, if we select out the flat data that we have, we will get the following:
VendorId IncomeDay IncomeAmount
---------- ---------- ------------
SPIKE FRI 100
SPIKE MON 300
FREDS SUN 400
SPIKE WED 500
SPIKE TUE 200
JOHNS WED 900
JOHNS MON 300
SPIKE SUN 400
...
FREDS THU 800
JOHNS TUE 600
A lot of data that it is hard to make something useful of, for example, say that we would like to know what the average income is for each vendor id?
Or what the maximum income is for each day for a particular vendor? Enter the pivot table.
To find the average for each vendor, run this query:
select * from DailyIncome
pivot (avg (IncomeAmount) for IncomeDay in ([MON],[TUE],[WED],[THU],[FRI],[SAT],[SUN])) as AvgIncomePerDay
Outcome:
VendorId MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
FREDS 500 350 500 800 900 500 400
JOHNS 300 600 900 800 300 800 600
SPIKE 600 150 500 300 200 100 400
The find the max income for each day for vendor SPIKE, run this query:
pivot (max (IncomeAmount) for IncomeDay in ([MON],[TUE],[WED],[THU],[FRI],[SAT],[SUN])) as MaxIncomePerDay
where VendorId in ('SPIKE')
SPIKE 900 200 500 300 300 100 400
The short story on how it works using the last query.
select * from DailyIncome -- Colums to pivot
pivot (
max (IncomeAmount) -- Pivot on this column
for IncomeDay in ([MON],[TUE],[WED],[THU],[FRI],[SAT],[SUN])) -- Make colum where IncomeDay is in one of these.
as MaxIncomePerDay -- Pivot table alias
where VendorId in ('SPIKE') -- Select only for this vendor
You can of course use this SQL in your C# apps and then bind it to, for example, a datagrid.
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string cs = @"Data Source=<your server>;Initial Catalog=<your database>;Integrated Security=SSPI";
try
using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(cs))
con.Open();
string sql = "select * from DailyIncome pivot (avg (IncomeAmount) for IncomeDay in ([MON],[TUE],[WED],[THU],[FRI],[SAT],[SUN])) as AvgIncomePerDay";
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(sql, con);
DataTable dt = new DataTable("AverageIncomeForVendor");
da.Fill(dt);
// Bind the DataTable to whatever, just displaying it in console here.
int colCount = dt.Columns.Count;
foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows)
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++)
sb.Append(row[i].ToString() + "\t");
}
Console.WriteLine(sb.ToString());
con.Close();
catch (Exception ex)
Console.WriteLine(ex);
More info here:
"SQL Server 2008 Books Online (February 2009) - Using PIVOT and UNPIVOT"
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms177410.aspx
"Pivot table"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivot_table
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what is mean of FOR keyword in Pivot table?
Thank you. i am searching for this type of simple example Thank you very much
thank you for easy example and very useful
Jasmeet, For is defining where the pivot column values are coming from. There is also a list of values following the column name.
Here are a few more samples www.kodyaz.com/.../t-sql-pivot-tables-in-sql-server-tutorial-with-examples.aspx
Thanks for providing solution But I want fetch data from two different table using pivot
Calculate percentage of income amount for spike????????
Ok, if you want a total for day and a total for vendor what is the solution? whit PIVOT
Thanks for your explanation. It's very useful.
This article is very good for getting the basic concept of pivot in sql.
They way you've broken it down and kept it simple is so helpful. I wish others that explain would do as you do.
Thanks for this simple, well documented example, bro.
Thank you for your post. i need one more help. please help me out. instead of income day i have date in tat column.
my table is like this
create table EmpAttendance
(
Eid int,
EmpName varchar(100),
Designation varchar(50),
Status varchar(10),
Sdate date,
Autoid int identity(1,1)
);
Eid EmpName Designation Status Sdate Autoid
1 abc Trainee P 2012-12-19 1
2 def trainee P 2012-12-19 2
i want output as
EmpName 2012-12-19......... the date continues lik this 2012-12-26
abc P ...... ..... P
def P A
Thank you for the post. Exactly to the point.