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There are lots of policies that you can govern your SharePoint with it and it all depends on your environment. However, I am suggesting few categories that you must address and make some informed decisions on each topic.
After you have defined each role and responsibility, it is important to create a security policy around each role. For example you need to create a policy for the "System Administrator Security Policy" and ensure that this role gets the appropriate permissions.
Here is a template that I use to create security policies:
Security Policy Template
Policy Name: System Administrator Security Policy
Applied on: Production Environment, UAT Environment and Test Environment
Description: System administrators are added in the default local admin group which is called "Administrator".
Scope
Group
Permissions
System
Local: Administrators
Full Control
Other security policies that you might want to consider:
Read Next: SharePoint Governance – Application Lifecycle Management Policies