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Word jumble hoax debunked

I’ve previously talked about the Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde uinervtisy hoax. The study described in that hoax has recently been carried out by a team at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and the University of Durham. The data conclusively demonstrates that the hoax is incorrect.

The hoax claimed that transposing letters within a word did not slow reading performance because we recognize words as whole shapes. The team led by Keith Rayner found that all kinds of letter transpositions slow reading speed. Transposing internal letters as shown in the original hoax resulted in a reading speed decline from 255 words per minute (wpm) to 227 words per minute. Performance was worse if the transposition included the beginning or final letters of a word.

 

Example Sentence

Reading Speed

Normal

The boy could not solve the problem so he asked for help.

255 wpm

Internal letters

The boy cuold not slove the probelm so he aksed for help.

227 wpm

Final letters

The boy coudl not solev the problme so he askde for help.

189 wpm

Beginning letters

The boy oculd not oslve the rpoblem so he saked for help.

163 wpm

Additionally this study examined readers’ eye movements while reading these different conditions. They found that readers needed to spend more time fixating on words in the transposition conditions and made more regressive saccades.

This study only looked at letter transpositions of a single position, like the kinds used in the original hoax. I can only speculate how dramatically reading speed would be hurt with more dramatic transpositions like:

The boy cluod not svloe the pelborm so he aeksd for help.

Hopefully this study puts the hoax to rest. This and many other studies have made it clear that we don’t recognize words by whole shapes, but use letter information to recognize words.

Cheers, Kevin Larson

Rayner, K., White, S., Johnson, R., Liversedge, S. (2006). Raeding Wrods With Jubmled Lettres; There Is a Cost. Psychological Science 17(3), 192-193.

Published Tuesday, May 09, 2006 3:39 PM by fbcontrb

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# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

I think it's quite interesting that, although reading speed is diminished with internal rearrangement, it's possibly not diminished by as much as you might expect.
Wednesday, May 10, 2006 3:38 AM by Duncan Lock

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

This reminds me of my first car, an old Volkswagen Beatle. Its top speed on open road was 72 miles per hour (116 kilometers per hour). When its top speed suddenly decreased to 65 mph (105 kph), I knew that it was time to get a tune up.

255 wpm is analogous to my car’s top speed, and a ten percent reduction in speed to 227 wpm is a strong indication that something has seriously gone wrong with the text.

Cheers, Kevin
Wednesday, May 10, 2006 7:57 PM by fbcontrb

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

Well, I would still think that we recognize word shapes and not letters when reading.

But if you jumble letters within a word you also change the word shape, hence the (slight) decrease in reading speed...
Friday, June 09, 2006 8:47 AM by Jacob

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

Jakob, why do you think we recognize word shapes?

In this longer paper I cover the evidence in favor of parallel letter recogntiion over the word shape hypothesis.

http://www.microsoft.com/typography/ctfonts/WordRecognition.aspx

Cheers, Kevin
Friday, June 16, 2006 10:23 PM by Kevin Larson

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

Our brain probably looks at both word shapes and letters and is also primed by context.  When you mix up the letters, it does some damage, and the brain has to work harder, but it can still figure it out.  It's still possible to read a jumbled sentence fluently.

Did the "hoax" really assert that reading speed did not decrease at all?  It was my understanding that the conclusion was simply that we *can* read jumbled words, and pretty easily at that.  And that alone is pretty interesting!

Thursday, February 22, 2007 1:00 PM by Anna

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

I don't necessarily have an informed opinion on word shape vs. parallel letter recognition.  But I think I read once — in a typography book — that one reason to use all-caps sparingly is that word shapes become less distinctive and thus harder to read.  To some approximation, any all-caps word just looks like a RECTANGLE of some length.  Whereas in ‘rectangle’ the ascenders and descenders add distinction to the shape and make it faster to recognize.

Thursday, March 29, 2007 8:20 AM by Chris

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

the "hoaxer" is you matey and the only thing to be "debunked" should be this blog.

of course its fascinating that we can read "jumbled up" words - its TURLY AZAMNIG in fact. What a dour individual with no life you must be.

Wednesday, August 08, 2007 1:30 AM by justin burke

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

wow justin. how ill informed you must be. yes it is amazing that we can read jumbled words. but i also point you to this site. maybe you will be greater informed next time you choose to post.

http://www.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/~mattd/Cmabrigde/

Monday, October 08, 2007 5:21 AM by pete

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

hi, can you please tell me what the word "pmcnoay" is unjumbled, thank you.

Wednesday, January 23, 2008 3:29 PM by linzi

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

I find that reading one sentence with a series of typos very distracting. But when I read an entire paragraph or two in which typos are integral to the entire text, I have no  trouble reading through the text. I didnot hesitate or fixate on trying to "fix" the typos in my head as I do when I'm reading a single sentence in which typos exist.

   I'd like to see the experiment tested with both kinds of typo set-ups: singular sentences, may be more than one sentence in the grouping' and finally with a a longer piece of text devoted to one topic or idea.

     thank

Sandra Ireland  March 24, 2008

Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island CANADA

Monday, March 24, 2008 10:25 PM by Sandra Ireland

# mekkablog » Webtipp: Word jumble hoax debunked

Tuesday, April 15, 2008 11:54 AM by mekkablog » Webtipp: Word jumble hoax debunked

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

The email that was forwarded to me only mentions whether you CAN read the jumbled words.  To me another factor is that people expect certain words to come after others.  Since the email I got started out with "if you can read the following paragraph" whoever is trying to read it already knows it's somewhat of a challenge.  To me since none of the words are difficult or tricky then whoever says they can't read it probably just doesn't want to take the time or try.  I dont think it has anything to do with the the mind seeing the shape of a word, and I definitely think it can slow down the reader even if it is slight.  :)

Thursday, December 04, 2008 9:27 PM by Carey Daste

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

re: hi, can you please tell me what the word "pmcnoay" is unjumbled, thank you.

There are no words in the english language that start with P, end with Y, and contain each of those letters. Assuming you jumbled the entire word including the first and last letters, your unjumbled word is likely "company"

Thursday, January 22, 2009 4:20 PM by Cambridge

# re: vowels

The vowels need to be in proper order

Monday, March 16, 2009 7:04 AM by Vinny

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

If "pmcnoay" is "company" and there is no word in the English language that starts with "p" and ends with "y", then your argument or point is invalid.  Since the original email placed the first and last letter in the proper order and only "jumbled" the middle letters- at least according to the laws of logic.

Since I am as ill informed about the whole subject, I would say I won't be intentionally condescending, just point out that the first part of Cambridge and Durhams studies sound initially from the summary above off the subject of the original email and there fore, may be invalid with the information here.

Sorry, back to bio chem; but keep the peace!

Saturday, June 06, 2009 12:56 AM by visitoor

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

If "pmcnoay" is "company" and there is no word in the English language that starts with "p" and ends with "y", then your argument or point is invalid.  Since the original email placed the first and last letter in the proper order and only "jumbled" the middle letters- at least according to the laws of logic.

Since I am as ill informed about the whole subject, I would say I won't be intentionally condescending, just point out that the first part of Cambridge and Durhams studies sound initially from the summary above off the subject of the original email and there fore, may be invalid with the information here.

Sorry, back to bio chem; but keep the peace!

Saturday, June 06, 2009 1:01 AM by visitoor

# re: Word jumble hoax debunked

I only noticed that the words 'Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde uinervtisy' were jumbled on the second reading, for what it is worth.

Sunday, July 12, 2009 11:09 PM by Simon

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